The United Nations Office On Drugs And Criminal Essay

The United Nations Office on Drugs and Criminal (UNODC) defines human trafficking as â€Å"the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs.†1 Given the definition, trafficking can be summarized as to having three basic elements – the act, the means, and the purpose. Acts include recruitment and transportation, means involves threat, deception, or fraud, while purpose is the end outcome of the victims f rom sex to physical labor.2 There are a number of factors which give rise to human trafficking. Some of these are unemployment and poverty among poor economic conditions and imbalances across areas, gender and ethnic discrimination, political issues especially corruption, as well as loosening of border controls, which has strong links to globalization. Upon a closer look, amidst other events such as the end of the Cold War and proliferation of black markets and illicit trade, globalization can be positivelyShow MoreRelatedThe United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Is Combating Drugs, Terrorism, and Criminal Activity529 Words   |  3 PagesThe United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) is the unit of the United Nations (UN) charged with combating illicit drugs, terrorism, and other criminal activity. It is headquartered in Vienna, Austria, and has twenty-one field offices and a liaison office in New York. The agency has approximately 500 members across the globe who develop and enforce drug control policies that are responsive to their individual needs. The UNODC’s work program consists of three major pillars. The first of theseRead MoreThe Impact Of Drug Trafficking And Organized Crime1099 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States has a vast illegal drug market as well as high numbers of people indulging in organized crime. Drug law enforcement personnel face problems when protecting the United States borders to avoid any drug trafficking instances. Drug trafficking involves smuggling of illegal drugs producing states such as Mexico to the consumer markets in other regions within the United States Organized Crime, on the other hand, is the practice of the offense through threats or violence and aims to collectRead MoreControlling Organized Crime1363 Words   |  6 Pagesto show its strengths of power and manipulation among citizens and business of New York City. From the time of the Mafia’s rise, other criminal organizations have surfaced using their power to corrupt personal within business for the gain of finance and political strength. In today society, one of the main question when it comes to these groups is how can criminal organizations be controlled? This paper will identify the problems presented and the various relationships established by organized crimeRead MoreFederal Bureau Of Investigation ( Fbi ) Essay903 Words   |  4 Pagesis the local insight and security administration of the United States, which all the while serves as the country s prime government law implementation organization. Working under the ward of the U.S. Bureau of Justice, the FBI is simultaneously an individual from the U.S. Intelligence Community and reports to both the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence. A main U.S. counterterrorism, counterintelligence, and criminal investigative association, the FBI has ward over infringementRead MoreThe Evil of Human Trafficking996 Words   |  4 PagesTrafficking is one of the most heinous crimes that operate over transnational boundaries. The act of human trafficking is highlighted as a criminalized activity according to the article 5 of the Trafficking in Persons Protocol set out by United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime. While Human Trafficking is generally attributed to the Less Developed Countries. This is because the socio economic dynamics along with weaker law and order situation provide a strong environment for this activity to take placeRead MoreCounterfeit Goods And The Global Market1590 Words   |  7 Pagesand health risks that this process produces. In the sale of counterfeit goods, criminals manage to bypass tax revenues, decrease employment opportunities, exploit labor through low wages, decrease company liability, and misuse ingredients in pharmaceuticals which ultimately lead to a variety of intellectual property violations.1 Ultimately, it is in the best interest of the public to identify the tactics used by criminals in an attempt to repudiate detection, all while compromising company securityRead More Crime Prevention Concepts and Theory, Such as Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (Cpted) and Other Such Preventative Programs.1713 Words   |  7 Pagesgoal desired by the agent and under criminal law. Causation: It is the ligament or nexus to the conduct with the result, which must be material. That link is what binds to the cause and effect, without which the latter can not attribute the cause. Subject Active, is the natural person who commits the crime, also called, delinquent or criminal agent. It will always be a natural person, irrespective of gender, age, (The minority gives rise to criminal responsibility), nationality and otherRead MoreThe Criminal Street Gang Activity Essay947 Words   |  4 PagesState of Florida (F.S.S. 874.03) defines a Criminal Street Gang as â€Å"means a formal or informal ongoing organization, association, or group that has as one of its primary activities the commission of criminal or delinquent acts, and that consists of three or more persons who have a common name or common identifying signs, colors, or symbols and have two or more members who, individually or collectively, engage in or have engaged in a pattern of criminal street gang activity† (Statutes ConstitutionRead MorePortugal s Criminal Justice System1440 Words   |  6 PagesIn the research on Portugal criminal justice system, it showed similarities and diffe rences with the United States criminal justice system. For example, these two nations have some of the same problems, however Portugal has abolished the death penalty. When I looked into the strengths and weakness of law enforcement, criminal procedures, courts, sentencing, and corrections I believe that the United States has a better form in handling these matters. So far there isn t a perfect system to manageRead MoreWrite a 700- to 1,050-Word Paper Describing a Single, Informal Learning Experience That Someone Could Have.1483 Words   |  6 PagesPerspectives Basement CJA/484 Lori Madison Globalization has caused massive opportunities for criminals to extend their business. Since the Cold War the global governance has failed to keep up with the pace of economic globalization. Economic globalization has opened up to trade, finance, travel, and communications. This is good for the United States as far as the economy is concerned. The criminal justice system has more crimes to deal with that expand beyond their borders because of globalization

Postcolonial Literature Uncovering Western Myths Essay

Africa has been the embodiment of european perspectives before and after the Colonialism; these perspectives have attempted to provide insights on the facts behind it. In those terms, Africa has been reduced an atmosphere of concepts such as deep darkness, mystery, and madness, a place in which attrocities arise at any time of the day, and people are savages and chaotic. From that colonialist viewpoint, Africa was a place that needed help and control urgently in order to save it form itself and civilize it; therefore, white European men felt the need of accomplishing this mission and bring civilization to black men, which only meant to do thing as Europeans did. In Conrads Heart of Darkness (1993), these European visions are portraited to†¦show more content†¦They have rituals in specific times of the year, and they even measure time in market days. Achebe gives life to the main character Okonkwo in such a way that is perceived by the reader as an everyday man; a man with mo ral, character, suffering, and caring although cold on the outside. The community is strickly patriarchal, nor very different from anywhere in the world in those times. However, the author explores womens world with the same importance he explores mens world in the novel, and in several ocassions he refers to the womens role as paramount for the tribe and of equal importance than mens role, eventhough within the tribe the awareness of this is not general. All of the above shows us that the natives were not that different from the rest of the world, they were not primitive people in chaos, just simple people with different customs. They had a strong social structure and a system of rules that allowed people to live in community, harmony and peace for they solved the problems they had with justice and measures -Judgments with the seven Spirits and paying money when commited a fault). At some point, this system had more sense than that of the white man; people who accidentally or prem editatedly killed someone of the tribe would have to spend seven years of exile outside the community; onShow MoreRelatedThe Theory, History, and Development of Magical Realism Essay examples3188 Words   |  13 Pagesâ€Å"magical realism† was used to describe the unusual realism by American painters such as Ivan Albright, Paul Cadmus, George Tooker and some other artists. The major figure in the conceptual genealogy of magical realism in the context of literature is Massimo Bontempelli, the Italian writer and critic. In 1926, he specifically names that art as â€Å"magical realism† which proposes to find miracles in the midst of ordinary day to day life. Some works by Kafka, Junger and Musil are later named asRead MorePostmodernism in Literature5514 Words   |  23 PagesPostmodern literature The term Postmodern literature is used to describe certain tendencies in post-World War II literature. It is both a continuation of the experimentation championed by writers of the modernist period (relying heavily, for example, on fragmentation, paradox, questionable narrators, etc.) and a reaction against Enlightenment ideas implicit in Modernist literature. Postmodern literature, like postmodernism as a whole, is difficult to define and there is little agreement on theRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesmanagement guru The ‘experimental’ Relay Assembly Test Room used in the Hawthorne Studies Neo-modernist open systems Three layers of organization culture A snapshot taken by a British Officer showing German and British troops fraternizing on the Western Front during the Christmas truce of 1914 The operation of three types of control in relation to an organizational task Factors impacting on the viability of different forms of control Postmodern pastiche architecture in Las Vegas Business sponsoring

My Philosophy of Education Essay Example For Students

My Philosophy of Education Essay Personal Philosophy SED 502 7/12/04 This still doesnt actually make any one opinion, better than any of the others. We all have opinions, what we need is common ground between them. Hopefully, that is what my educational philosophy stands for. The metaphysics, or nature of reality, of my philosophy starts with the subjects we study in school. Subjects should be functional to todays world. Our educational system is far more diverse today than it has ever been, and our subject matter should reflect that. The reality of the subjects studied in school, should also reflect upon the reality in each students environment. Reality can change, because environments change. Textbooks and literature become somewhat obsolete after a while because our culture changes so rapidly. That is not to say that classic pieces of literature are not of use in the classroom, but each literary product presented in the classroom should hold some information that is relatively useful for all of the students. When considering metaphysics in the classroom, I believe that religion is something for outside of the classroom. There are far too many religious beliefs in the world to accommodate all of them, so that is an area best left alone. This leaves plenty of time for other areas of development. If it is the wish of a family to have religion addressed in the classroom, then there are certain specialized schools that do just that. I believe it is the responsibility of the church to educate their youth in these areas. Lastly, writing skills are important to the metaphysics of my educational philosophy. Writing is a necessity in order to accurately document events and opinions. Distinguishing the difference between fact and fiction can be quite difficult. But a strong foundation of writing skills make identifying reality, that much easier. The epistemology, or nature of knowledge, in my philosophy is much like that of the pragmatists. I believe that interaction with the environment is a key part of education. Education should extend outside of the classroom. Life is a constant learning process in itself. If we compared how much time we learn in classrooms to the amount we learn out of them, there is no comparison. If an environmental science class is learning how to use a compass in the woods, then that is exactly what they should do, literally. Another part of my epistemology is problem solving. Once again I find myself siding with the pragmatist view. There are many people who are book smart, but not so many of those people can practically apply that knowledge. Todays system praises short term memory. Far too many subjects are taught and then forgotten. If we desire to retain information then it must be useful and interesting to us. Knowledge has definitely taken a back seat to the test score. It is very possible to obtain an A, in a subject but not actually learn anything about it. Todays society values grades, not knowledge. They are two very different things. The axiology, or the nature of values, is also a very sensitive area to touch upon. Why The Vegetarian Diet Is Best Essay Moral values, for the most part, should be taught at home. Ethics are an important part of education (plagiarism, dishonesty, etc.). If ethical values are going to be worthwhile, then they must be part of life outside of the classroom as well. If the gap between ethics outside of school differs greatly from that of ethics inside the classroom, the learning process can be greatly hindered. A perfect example, in my mind, is the recent tragedy at Columbine high school in Colorado. .

Understanding the Ethics

Introduction Business ethics is the notion that projects moral and ethical principles to business. Business ethics is the framework that managers and employees make correct decisions that will not bring harm or at least will bring the minimal harm. By making unethical decisions, a company may harm its operation results, its employees, suppliers and consumers, community and even the whole society (Miller and Jentz 64).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Understanding the Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this work, essence and importance of ethical behavior on the working place and peculiarities of ethics in MIS are discussed. Ethical Behavior The main aspect of ethical behavior is ability to respect others’ interests. The majority of unethical decisions are made when people take their own interests as priority and do not respect interests and rights of their colleagues, superiors and the whole commu nity. However, a person making an unethical decision rarely thinks about the fact that he/she may suffer from it on his/her own: when such decisions disclose, a person will be punished; besides, unethical decision may harm a company’s operation and reputation. For example, when a company uses harmful substances in the production of their goods, its reputation suffers much when the fact is disclosed, and consumers do not trust to it any more (Andersen 192). One more important aspect of ethical behavior is ability to take responsibility and meet obligations. If a company’s actions turn out to be improper and harmful, chief should be responsible for them and put effort into eliminating their consequences. The third ethical behavior is fairness: at the work place, one should make fair decisions in order not to harm the colleagues and subordinates. For example, unfair promotion may spoil the atmosphere in the team. The fourth aspect is fair and clear marketing. A company sh ould not distort the qualities of goods it produces in its advertisements and should not promise more than it plans to give to its consumers. The fifth aspect is social responsibility. A business should be involved into the life of the community and put effort into making it better. One more aspect is absence of discrimination. Discrimination at the working place is the violation of people’s rights; it creates unhealthy atmosphere within the staff. The sixth aspect is ability to choose the lesser of all evils. Sometimes a company or a manager faces necessity to make decision that may harm someone in any case; it is important to find the optimal decision having analyzed all pros and cons. The seventh aspect is enthusiasm and devotion to the work. Only in this case employees will work well and the company will meet customers’ needs.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The eighth issue is environmental responsibility: a company should think not about its own interests, but about nature, people and future generations. The ninth issue is desire to grow and develop: if a company does not evolve, it collapses. The tenth issue (the last, but of course not the least) is fair accounting: it is the basis that carries a company’s existence and successful operation. Importance of Ethics in My Major We live in the information society, which means that information is of great importance now. Information may be a means of helping people and a weapon able to harm them (De George 2). Treating information ethically is a basic requirement to any activity fulfilled in out society. Ethical Issues in Management information system The following issues are of big importance in MIS: 1) respect to copyright; 2) protection of personal information; 3) not manipulating and distorting information; 4) communication privacy; 5) use of information with peaceful and et hical purposes; 6) respecting any kind of confidentiality; 6) taking responsibility; 7) respect of law; 8) not using discriminating, offensive information; 9) not using slanderous information; 10) taking responsibility. Conclusion Business ethics is important for a company, as unethical decision does not create long-term competitive advantages, but, backwards, has negative impact on its operation and reputation. The information era has brought new ethical concerns connected with usage of information. For a MIS specialist, it is important to work within the framework of ethics in order to be successful and effective. References Andersen, Bjorn. Bringing Business Ethics to Life: Achieving Corporate Social Responsibility. Milwaukee, Wisc.: ASQ Quality Press, 2004. Print. De George, Richard T. The Ethics of Information Technology and Business. Malden, MA Blackwell Pub, 2003. Print. Miller, Roger LeRoy, and Gaylord A. Jentz. Fundamentals of Business Law: Excerpted Cases. Mason, Ohio: Sou th-Western/Cengage Learning, 2010. Print.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Understanding the Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This report on Understanding the Ethics was written and submitted by user Br0therh00d0fEv1lMutants to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Three Major Sources of Interpersonal and Intergroup Conflict

Three Major Sources of Interpersonal and Intergroup Conflict Introduction Interpersonal and intergroup conflicts have varying sources. Interpersonal conflicts arise from different sources key among them which include incompatibility, personalization and cognition, and behavior. In that context, the elements identifies above have varying implications on interpersonal and group conflicts.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Three Major Sources of Interpersonal and Intergroup Conflict specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Incompatibility Incompatibility can either be due to communication or group structure. Here, communication is a key component for conveying meaning and eliciting action in response to a message. Incompatibility because of communication results from misunderstandings, sematic difficulties, and noise in communication channels. Semantic difficulties results from phrases, words, symbols, and signs and the express meaning communicated using the signifiers. That is in addition to selective perceptions, differences in training, and lack of adequate information. In this case, messages should be communicated succinctly to ensure the correct meaning is conveyed. When messages are not communicated clearly, the meaning is obliterated causing the intended audience not to get the precise meaning. Other sources of conflicts because of communication problems include use of jargon that deprives a message its true and precise meaning and different word connotations and noise which adds external elements to a message in a communication channel. In addition to that, structure is an additional element that influences the level of conflicts, acting as a source of conflict in a group or individual. Here, structure is defined in the context of the level of leadership style, member goal compatibility, the degree of dependence enjoyed by team members, the degree of specialization, and the size of a group. In that context, the group turnover increases with young members, the potential for conflicts increases when the messages are communicated ambiguously, and when group members have diverse goals. In that case, leadership increases conflict when it is of the close style nature, and when one group depends on another group. Here, personal variables such as personal characteristics and individual value systems which results in differing opinions with varying perspective. On the other hand, personalization and cognition are additional sources of conflicts.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Cognition and Personalization Conflicts can be generated in a group by antecedent conditions if group members are aware and affected. On the other hand, it is possible to personalize conflicts in the event group members develop emotional involvement. With emotions contributing to the level of conflicts in a team, it becomes possible to produce oversimplif ied issues that lead to emotions. Emotion related conflicts lead to lower levels of trust and negative interpretations of the behavioral characteristics of individuals in a group. It is possible to understand the fact that conflicts generate influence on the perceptions of group member, leading to the deficiency of the lack of innovation and other positive actions within a group. In that case, cognition and personalization underlies the influence due to behavior. Behavior Conflict can be initiated because of behavioral characteristics of group members based on statements made by group members resulting in negative behavior. In this case, negative behavior leads to dynamic group process interactions into lower levels of continuum. In the process of rising up the continuum, conflict is seen to rise significantly. Conclusion In conclusion, the source of conflict, which includes incompatibility, personalization and cognition, and behavior provide the core sources of conflict. In this ca se, the functional and dysfunctional outcomes can be overcome by introducing measures which include conflict resolution into the groups which includes the win-win approach, the lose-lose approach, or the win-lose approach.

Space in the Future essays

Space in the Future essays From the beginning of time humans have tried to explore and to conquer new assets. The future looks promising to this human characteristic. Humans have lived on this planet for a long time and they are destined to move onto another planet or into another galaxy. We have explored this planet and find no excitement when a family takes a vacation to Hawaii, and does that every year round. In the near future people will travel into space to explore new planets in order for humans to live and replace their vacation spots. People will, however, have to find new ways of getting to these distant dreams, and discover new means of transportation. Once these places are found and reached a number of humans will migrate into that new area and live on. In the future people will explore space with the means of new and sophisticated transportation methods in search of new areas to live and to vacation in. (TS)In the future the planet will become so overcrowded that humans will have to find new residences elsewhere but the earth. (PS)The population is growing rapidly, certain countries try to prevent that from occurring, however nothing can be done. (SS)India for example has set up a law that a family can have no more then a certain number of kids. (SS)Indias attempt to control the population growth will never be a success, for that country is not able to enforce that law. (PS)Some people like change and some think that it is bad, however the future will be a great change for all people that live on new planets, as well as on the earth. (SS)Soon people will travel into space and find new planets that humans could live on, people will move to that planet and start all over again in a new and untraditional way of life. (SS)Life on earth will be also changed for now there is twice the territory to occupy, meaning that houses and cities will become more spread out and the earth will becom e even more spread out then it ever wa ...

Synthesis paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Synthesis paper - Essay Example Thus, it is offering adequate training to the managers on how to motivate employees, that forms the core of establishing a culture of employee motivation (Musselwhite, 2011). This article simply focuses on the role of managers as the ultimate siource of employee motivation within a firm. Similarly, A Dose of Positive Reinforcement Can Go a Long Way by Nelson; is another article that focus on the fundamentals of employee motivation, but from a different approach of applying praise and recognition as the main tools for realizing employee motivation. However, while praise and recognition are powerful tools used for employee motivation, the essential elements that must be applied to reinforce these tools include sincerity, specification and personalization of praise, so that the tools become fully effective in inspiring the employees (Nelson, 2013). Nevertheless, the effective tools of employee motivation cannot deliver any results, whenever the management team does not have sufficient s kills to motivate the employees. Therefore, the management should always operate on the basis of the principle that; â€Å"you get what you reward† (Nelson, 2013) p41. ... The application of this rule entails complementing the employees for all the good things that they have done for several times, before suggesting some improvement or even offering positive criticism, and most fundamentally, ensuring that both praise and criticism are not done in a single session. However, the most important thing is to realize that giving praise should be done as soon as the achievement has been made, or immediately â€Å"the desired behavior is displayed† (Nelson, 2013) p42. The application of positive reinforcement should always be treated as a matter of urgency, even necessitating the interruption of a meeting to give a complement where it is due, while reserving the discussion in great length, of the positive behavior or the achievement made, for a later date (Nelson, 2013). Another fundamental aspect of motivating employees through giving praise, is ensuring that the manager talks in specifics and addresses the accomplished employee directly, instead of a pplying generalities, while also drawing references on how the accomplishment or the positive behavior can help others (Musselwhite, 2011). Specifics give credibility to the praise given by the manager, while also going to great lengths to state, â€Å"exactly what was good about an employee’s behavior or achievement† (Nelson, 2013) p42. Humanizing and personalizing the complement is an essential step towards ensuring that the praise and recognition is received positively, while ensuring that it works towards boosting the morale of the employee involved. Considering that different employees respond differently to complements and praise, it is essential for the manager to take time to analyze the

Tesco and Sainsbury Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Tesco and Sainsbury - Case Study Example He has been reduced to working from home most of the times. After deliberations with the family members, Howard has opted to retire from the company completely at the end of this year. He will relocate to Kenya, due to warm climate here. This will be good for his health. Having graduated recently with an undergraduate degree in business management, Howard has selected me, as his eldest child, to take over the running of the business. I plan to make radical changes to Stellion Convenient Stores. This is to make sure that it grows, instead of the current stagnation. To this end, am carrying out a research on Tesco and Sainsbury stores. The results of this research will help me in making the decisions that are necessary for this company. Tesco has a unique form of organizational structure. It is devolved and decentralized. This means that rather decisions been made by the top tier managers and passed down the hierarchy, the managers at the lower levels can make decisions (Crowther & McNiff: 2004). What the top tier managers at Tesco do is just to arm the lower cadre managers with general terms like price list and terms and conditions. But the rest of the decisions, like determining which staffs work where are determined by the lower managers (Crowther & McNiff: 2004). Each branch of this chain of supermarkets has its own manager. This is the one who decides on matters to do with the store, and then he makes a report to the regional manager. The hierarchy of Tesco supermarkets can be looked at as been flat. There are six tiers of hierarchy between the highest official, who is the C.E.O, and the lowest staff, who is the checkout cashier. Since the organisation has several branches, there exist two separate but interrelated forms of structures (Crowther & McNiff: 2004). The first is for the whole company, while the second is for each of the branches, which can also be referred to as regional or internal organisation structure. Every company has norms and values that are common amongst the employees. This is what is referred to as the organisational culture (Mullins: 2008). There are weekly meetings for the employees, where they get the opportunity to share ideas and suggestions about the running of Tesco. During these meetings, the management gets the feedback from their staff on how the business is running, since the workers are the ones who are in direct contact with the customers (Mullins: 2008). It is also the culture of Tesco to inform the employees of new developments in the company, for example change in terms and conditions, during these meetings. The chain of supermarkets has adopted a slogan "every little helps", which shows how they value their employees and customers. Every little input from these employees and customers aimed at improving the business of this company is appreciated. The culture adopted by Tesco helps both the employees and the customers. For example the weekly meetings and update from the company makes the employees feel that they are part of the company, they are not alienated (Crowther & McNiff: 2004). The employees are allowed to make suggestions as to the best way of running the company, they become a part in the decision making process. They feel that they have control over their work, which is really good for morale (Crowther & McNiff: 2004). The customers get their feelings and suggestions relayed to

Ambassadors Essay Example for Free

Ambassadors Essay Mavromati Panayiotis Karafotias IREL-480-9 For my paper I decided to write about the ambassadors of Denmark, The United States of America and Uruguay. His Excellency Mr. Tom Norring, the ambassador of Denmark, was one of the ambassador’s to come this semester. He decided to focus his speech not on his country but more on the global financial crisis and how it affected Greek economy. He said that even without the crisis the situation in Greece would have been messy. Despite the fact that Maastricht Treaty allows the GDP deficit in European countries not more than 3% Greece had deficit 6-7%. Ambassador said that in 2006-2007 the government of Kostas Karamanlis managed to restrain the deficit to the acceptable level, but later in 2008 they failed. Karamanlis hoped that he would be reelected and he promised to restrain the deficit, but people lost faith in him. Later George Papandreou revealed the new information about the deficit. The deficit for that time was not 8% but 12%. And thus the rescue program was established by the European Union. So Greece took course to the EU and the IMF. They wanted a hard cash and the EU and IMF tried to help with it. Then the restructuring fund was established. The public expenses had to be cut. As ambassador said â€Å"Greece has one of the biggest public administrations† and the cutting of public sector expenses will help to decrease the deficit. He also pointed out that 25% of Greek economy is black economy. The only one thing which he said about his country was that the Denmark is not the part of Eurozone. One of the reasons I enjoyed the speech of Danish ambassador was because he seemed very honest when talking about the topic. When giving his speech, he gave personal examples and continuously referred to the audience. The second ambassador was the ambassador of Uruguay, his Excellency Mr. Jose Luis Pombo Morales. He decided to focus his speech on his country and its relations with Greece and other European countries. Mr. Jose Luis Pombo Morales, talked about political system in Uruguay, that it is a  representative democratic  republic with a  presidential system. Also, he told us that, the members of government are elected for a five-year terms by a  universal suffrage  system. Uruguay is a  unitary state: justice, education, health, security, foreign policy, defence are all administered nationwide. The Executive Power is exercised by the  president  and a  cabinet  of 13 ministers. Plus to that, Mr. Ambassador talked about Uruguay as one of the biggest wool and meat exporter to the EU countries. Mr. Jose Luis Pombo, told the audience, that Uruguay is one of the most economically developed countries in South America, with a high  GDP  per capita and the 52nd highest  quality of life index  in the world. Uruguay is rated as the 2nd least corrupt country in  Latin America  (behind  Chile), although Uruguay scores considerably better than Chile on domestic polls of corruption perception. Its political and labour conditions are the highest level of freedom on the continent. The third ambassador, I want to talk about, is the ambassador of the United States of America, his Excellency Mr. Daniel Smith. Ambassador focused his speech on Greek- Turkish relations and financial crisis. His speech was very diplomatic, and tried to keep neutrality, when some students asked him questions about problems in Libya and Greek-Turkish conflicts. But, Mr. Smith, gave very clear idea, about the USA and its foreign relations. Also

leadership Essay -- essays research papers

Performance appraisals are conducted yearly for each staff employee. Semiannual or quarterly reviews are recommended to foster better communication between supervisors and employees in assessing progress, jointly developing new plans and objectives, and clarifying expectations for the coming year. This process is designed to improve job understanding, promote more effective job performance, and establish future goals for career growth. Some goals of the performance appraisals are to provide staff members with feedback on their performance and accomplishments for the previous year. This program should also assist staff members in understanding their job responsibilities and supervisor's performance expectations. Performance goals for the upcoming year and specific plans to help staff members meet those goals should also be established through this process. During each annual appraisal conference the employee and supervisor review the employee's performance during the previous year measured against standards set at the start of the year. Both successes and failures are reviewed. It is constructive to take the time to understand why certain objectives were successfully achieved and what prevented the successful achievement of other objectives. This review helps to set and achieve new objectives in the year ahead. A key part of the appraisal process is a self-review by the employee, which will allow the employee to review his or her own performance. This can enhance two-way comm... leadership Essay -- essays research papers Performance appraisals are conducted yearly for each staff employee. Semiannual or quarterly reviews are recommended to foster better communication between supervisors and employees in assessing progress, jointly developing new plans and objectives, and clarifying expectations for the coming year. This process is designed to improve job understanding, promote more effective job performance, and establish future goals for career growth. Some goals of the performance appraisals are to provide staff members with feedback on their performance and accomplishments for the previous year. This program should also assist staff members in understanding their job responsibilities and supervisor's performance expectations. Performance goals for the upcoming year and specific plans to help staff members meet those goals should also be established through this process. During each annual appraisal conference the employee and supervisor review the employee's performance during the previous year measured against standards set at the start of the year. Both successes and failures are reviewed. It is constructive to take the time to understand why certain objectives were successfully achieved and what prevented the successful achievement of other objectives. This review helps to set and achieve new objectives in the year ahead. A key part of the appraisal process is a self-review by the employee, which will allow the employee to review his or her own performance. This can enhance two-way comm...

Ethics Paper Essay

Ethics is essentially what a person believes is good or bad. By definition ethics is â€Å"rules of behavior based on ideas about what is morally good or bad† (Merriam-Webster, 2013). There are different theories of ethics which include virtue ethics, utilitarianism ethics, and the deontology theory. Virtue ethics is the theory that basically says that a person throughout their life should strive for moral excellence through life experiences. This theory looks at a person over a period of time to determine if they have good morals and considered an ethical person versus basing it off of one incident or â€Å"slip-up†. These â€Å"slip-ups† can be forgiven taking in account past deeds of moral turpitude and ethical acts. The utilitarianism theory is acting morally for the good of a group or society. This theory is very popular in the United States and other Western capitalistic democracies. Utilitarianism works when the people in that particular group or society a gree on what is considered moral and what would be deemed good for them as a whole. The utilitarianism theory can also be seen as social responsibility with the actual definition being the â€Å"obligation of an organization’s management towards the welfare and interests of the society in which it operates† (BusinessDictionary.com, 2013). The deontology theory states that someone’s actions are based on that is inherently right with no other calculations being taken into consideration such as consequences of the action. Deontology is based simply on principle and is justified through the structure of action, nature of reason, and the operation of the will (Boylan, 2009). Ethics and social responsibility play a significant role in the development of a strategic plan especially when considering stakeholders needs and agendas. Company’s primary mission is to make money and turn a profit for their stakeholders. This is done in many different ways and are outlined in the strategic plan. The company however needs to ensure that their operations  are ethical and not harmful to society or the community surrounding. Many companies walk a fine line between ethical and unethical when making efforts to perform for their stakeholders. Stakeholders primary objective is to make as much profit as possible and in most cases in the shortest amount of time possible. This is where companies are sometimes found crossing the line of ethics and social responsibility. This may include cutting corners to have a better competitive edge within the industry thus veering away from the company’s original strategic plan. In years past some companies have been caught conducting unethical operations in the name of profit (Wheelen & Hunger, 2010). The government has enacted legislation to make these activities less appealing to companies. Companies are now tasked with developing strategic agendas to accommodate their stakeholders needs and agendas while still considering ethics and soc ial responsibility. Essentially a company has to make it clear to stakeholders that their best interests are foremost but ethics and social responsibility will take precedence when developing a strategic plan to lead the company to success. The most popular and remembered company for overstepping ethical boundaries for stakeholders agendas would be Enron. Enron who began as a struggling energy provider climbed its way to the top of the food chain in the industry to essentially become a broker of energy. The company appeared to have a great deal of ethics and social responsibility from the outside looking in but things were not as they appeared after the company unraveled. It was found that top executives of the company were falsifying documents about earnings and essentially bleeding the company of all of its assets over the years until its inevitable fall. This included making not so ethical business partnerships and making attempts to hide its debt through clever accounting tricks to avoid recording the information on balance sheets (Sims & Brinkmann, 2003). This all in an attempt to keep stock prices climbing to pad the pockets of the executives and stakeholders alike. Many steps could have been taken within Enron to avoid this situation while still staying successful. The first step would have been to develop a strategic plan that not only provided direction for the company but set milestones for the company to succeed. Other steps to avoid this type of activity is to develop checks and balances within the company and not allowing a select few top executives to control everything without any accountability. The  executives of the company set the tone for the company and when employees see them acting unethically then it is believed this acceptable within the company. Executives should be setting a positive example and encouraging their employees to take the same approach. Conclusion Ethics and social responsibility come hand in hand when dealing with the world of business. When developing a strategic plan a company needs to ensure these areas are addressed and balanced when considering the needs and agendas of its stakeholders. This can as simple as keeping stakeholders informed that it is essential to act ethically for the long term health of the company. Enron is a prime example of the hardships a company as well as its employees and stakeholders can face when a company puts ethics and social responsibility to the side. This also reinforces the fact that companies should develop their strategic plan with these in mind and then sticking to the plan then taking appropriate steps to keep the plan updated to continue on the road to success. References Boylan, M. (2009). Basic ethics: Basic ethics in action (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. BusinessDictionary.com. (2013). Social responsibility. Retrieved from http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/social-responsibility.html Merriam-Webster. (2013). Ethic. Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ethic Sims, R. R., & Brinkmann, J. (2003, July). Enron ethics: Culture matters more than codes. Journal of Business Ethics, 45(3), 243. Retrieved from http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/faculty/dunnweb/rprnts.enronethics.html Wheelen, T. L., & Hunger, J. D. (2010). Concepts in strategic management and business policy (12th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.

Charles Dickens and Curley’s Wife Essay

A comparison of Nancy from ‘Oliver Twist’ by Charles Dickens and Curley’s Wife from ‘Of Mice and Men’ by John Steinbeck. In the two books both characters can be compared with each other but in many ways they are different in looks, language and personality, but the reasons for which the authors created them is much the same. I believe that Steinbeck created Curley’s wife, so that the reader feels sorry for her because most of the other characters in the book try to stay clear of her and do not get to know her, and in a sense, judge her by the way she dresses. On the other hand Steinbeck is trying to express to the reader that looks do not count for everything. The main reason for Curley’s wife’s creation in my personal opinion is because all of the characters in the book are misfits for example; Lennie is not clever and acts like a child when he is with George by the riverbank and threatens to leave because George becomes annoyed with him. Also Crooks the Negro is crippled and cannot walk very well, but in his own way he is special and well educated. In the same way Dickens creates Nancy as the type of character that the reader feels sorry for but at the same time accuse her for the mistakes she has made, such as running away from Bill Sikes but returning to him because she loves him and cannot bring herself to leave. As the book progresses the reader begins to gain more respect for Nancy but I believe that there is a reason for Nancy’s death, which is brought about by Oliver and this, is that doing the right thing does not always mean that it is not dangerous to yourself. The two characters have different opinions on their partners and are not treated in the same way, but neither of them is happy with her life. Curley’s wife is unhappy with her life and this is most likely because Curly is over possessive of her and all he ever talks about is fighting which makes her a little scared of what he may do to her if he is in a mood. She is always flirting with other men on the ranch like when she is alone with Lennie she says, ‘What you got there sonny boy. ‘ We are also given the impression that she is a ‘tart’ by the way Steinbeck describes what she wears, ‘She wore her bright cotton dress and the mules with red ostrich feathers. Her face was made up and the little sausage curls were all in place. ‘ Curley’s wife married Curley to get back at her mother after her dreams had been broken because the letter, which she had been promised from Hollywood never, arrived. On the other hand the only reason Curley married her was for his reputation and we know that he is vein due to the way he keeps one hand in a glove in order to keep it soft for her. Curley is also worried about what she may be up to when he is absent and therefore is always snooping around after her, which makes his wife feel trapped. Nancy in much the same way is not loved either but she does really care about Bill Sikes. Unlike Curley’s wife, Nancy is assaulted by Bill on many different occasions and is eventually killed by him. The main difference between the two characters is that Sikes is not overprotective of Nancy in the same way Curley is and will let her go out as long as he knows where she is going, the reason for this is that Sikes knows that Nancy is loyal to him. When Nancy meets up with Rose and helps to save Oliver she also offers Nancy a new start but the offer is declined because Nancy does not want to leave Bill Sikes and she says, The main contrast between the two characters is that Nancy loves Bill, but Curley’s wife does not love her husband but she cannot leave him because she lives on the ranch and has no other place to stay. The characters partner’s opinions compare because neither of them really care for their lover. Sikes treats Nancy like a ‘punch bag’ and she is scared of Curley because he has hit many other people and she is suspense waiting to see if he will lash out at her. In ‘Of Mice and Men’ Curley’s wife is known to some of the other characters such as Crooks, George and Candy as a ‘tart’ or a ‘bitch’ and a good example of this is when she walks into the bunkhouse and George says, ‘Jesus what a tramp, so that’s what Curly picked for a wife. ‘ As George is saying this Lennie is admiringly staring at her saying’ ‘She’s purty’ in response to Georges insult. Most of the men on the ranch try to stay clear of her and George warns Lennie about her too, ‘ Listen to me you crazy bastard, don’t you even take a look at that bitch. I don’t care what she says and what she does. I seen ’em poison before, but I never seen no piece of jailbait worse than her. You leave her be. ‘ Lennie refuses not to listen and ends up not taking any real notice of what George has says to him. Oliver respects Nancy, like Lennie is fond of Curley’s wife and both of them seem to have child like qualities that judge the characters for who they are and not how they dress or look. In the same way as Curley’s wife is despised by the ranch workers, Nancy is looked down on by the upper class people of the nineteenth century. The main reason the upper class residents do not respect Nancy is because she is a prostitute and in the time of Dickens this occupation was the lowest of the low for a woman. When Nancy goes to visit Rose, who is the adopted daughter of the women whose house Oliver broke in to, she is looked down on by the servants and thrown out of the hotel because of the way she looks. ‘Come! ‘ said the man taking her to the door, ‘None of this, take yourself off. ‘ The servants are not the only characters that look down on Nancy, Fagin and Sikes treat her badly and Dickens describes Sikes as using Nancy as his punch bag. Bill Sikes persists this behaviour even though Nancy looks after him when she is ill and says that she would even walk around the jail if he was arrested, just to be with him, but Sikes replies that she would be useless to him unless she brought a file to help him escape. On the whole I feel that neither of the character are loved and they are judged by the way they look, not by the people they really are inside. Each of the characters is special to one person, in Curley’s wife’s case Lennie and in Nancy’s, Oliver. I feel that the biggest difference between the two books is the language and the reason for this difference is the time at which they were written. In John Steinbeck’s ‘Of Mice and Men’ the language is simple but strong, the reason Steinbeck’s characters speak in this way is because that’s the way 1930s Americans would have spoken, for example, when George, Crooks and Slim are talking about Lennie, George says, ‘If that crazy bastard foolin’ around too much, jus’ kick him out, Slim. ‘ There is also a large amount of slang used between the characters, like when George and Curly are talking and George replies, ‘He was ‘gunna’ put some tar on a split roof. ‘

Vodafone Group Plc

Vodafone Group Plc Vodafone Group Plc is a telecommunication company with most of its branches in Europe, Africa, United States of America, and the Middle East. In Australia, it is under Vodafone Hutchison Australia with a 50% share by Vodafone Group Plc and 50% share by Hutchison (Vodafone Group Plc, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Vodafone Group Plc specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This company now provides 3G coverage services to 94% of Australians; these services are affordable and accessible by consumers. However, Vodafone operates in an environment where competition is high; there are other companies such as Optus, which provide similar products and services. Therefore, Vodafone should improve in the way it delivers its services to customers. Telecommunication industry operates in a challenging economic background and despite this, and the rising unemployment, the industry has continued to offer attractive services. T his industry has remained resilient; however, it is not immune to changes in the economy because it renders services that are essential for work and social use. Despite the ups and downs of this industry, companies such as Vodafone and Optus remain innovative in their products and services, and still make reasonable profits (Vodafone Group Plc, 2010). Vodafone experiences slow growth in its voice and messaging market following competition from other companies such as Optus, and regulatory pressure. However, there are still opportunities for Vodafone in broadband markets and enterprising. This is because of the increasing demand for integrated solutions in Australia. Vodafone offers varieties of devices, which include handsets mobile USB modems, as well as data cards. The handsets take care of customers with different tastes and preferences and offers handsets with different price points and designs. The devices launched by this company include Blackberry Storm touch screen and iPhon e (Vodafone Group Plc, 2010). Vodafone also offer mobile broadband, which enables customers to access the internet, the broadband has speeds of up to 2.0 Mbps uplink and 7.2 Mbps downlink. The company offers laptops of different models integrated with a 3G broadband and SIM cards. This is fit at the point of manufacture.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The USB modems together with their stick are designed to use â€Å"plug and play† software. Netbooks are also available in a small and lighter design; this includes Dell mini 9 netbook (Vodafone Group Plc, 2010). Customers who would like to use broadband fixed services are provided with DSL routers in wireless and wired designed. Vodafone also offers voice services, which constitutes the largest part of the company’s revenue; this service ensures that customers make and receive calls from the same network and the other network. The fees paid for outgoing calls are at termination rate, which is regulated by the local regulators. The coverage of this service has been expanded internationally; therefore, customers can make and receive calls from the other operator’s mobile networks when they are abroad. There are also messaging services, which allow customers to receive and send messages, video, music, sounds and pictures using their handsets (Vodafone Group Plc, 2010). Vodafone has other services, which help customers to access data services such as television, games, music and Internet. This is made possible through laptops, mobile phones and use of broadband modems. Customers also enjoy fixed services such as fixed line voice, fixed broadband and office phone solutions. All this services are delivered through a well established network infrastructure where mobile and fixed voice, as well as data and message services, are delivered to customers. Customers are linked to the core network through the access network, and it is through the core network that calls are routed, messages transferred, and data connections made (Vodafail.com, 2011). The mobile networks use 2G networks which operate through ‘GSM’ networks, this allows messaging, voice and data services. Vodafone also utilizes ‘GPRS’ network for receiving and sending data using an IP network and access to services such as email and internet access. This company also has GPRS advanced version, which offers speeds above 200 kilobits per second to their customers. Vodafone continues to expand its coverage in Australia and upgrade its transmission infrastructure; this is to ensure that all its customers receive quality services.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Vodafone Group Plc specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Vodafone distributes its devices through stores located in various points, in Australia, t hese stores are reviewed constantly to make sure that they meet market expectations (Vodafail.com, 2011). Products are sold through dealers and franchise, and their promotions are done through the Internet, which reduces promotion costs for Vodafone. Vodafone still need to pursue growth in Australia, and its target is in the provision of mobile data, broadband as well as enterprise. Most businesses in Australia require integrated solutions, therefore, the demand for devices such as broadband is rising; this would boost its revenues because it is a customer base that needs regular use of data services (Vodafail.com, 2011). When compared to other companies Vodafone is well established in core mobile services, it can use this advantage to broaden its market by offering fixed and mobile services and products to small and medium size businesses in Australia. Vodafone has been losing its customers because of poor service delivery; this is a weak point that might have come to open up the c ompany’s eye and make it realize the standard of service demanded by the Australian people. The company should capitalize on customers’ complaints and come up with a strong and reliable service delivery system than that of its competitors, and this will bring back customers it had lost and retain as well as attract more from the other companies. Vodafone is a foreign company based in Australia, this means that it could have problems with the local people adapting to its way of service delivery and adopting the products they offer. To solve this problem Vodafone has increased its strength by partnering with Hutchison Australia, a local operator in Australia. This move has enabled Vodafone to market its products and services in the territory of Hutchison Australia and under the cooperation of the two companies’ development and marketing of products and services is easy (Vodafail.com, 2011).Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The partnership has also helped Vodafone to gain loyalty in Australia and create additional franchise fees without any requirement for equity investment. This put Vodafone on the same level as the local companies such as Optus Vodafone faces threats in Australia and these threats are initiated by intensifying competition from other companies offering similar products and services. In the recent times, Vodafone in Australia has faced problems with the network quality, quality of customer service, quality of products they sell and their distribution channels (Vodafone Group Plc, 2010). These problems have reduced the rate at which Vodafone has been adding customers, lead to loss of customers to other competing companies offering the same products and services, and reduced its market size. This is a massive threat for Vodafone because all it has worked for in Australia might go to drain if drastic measures are not taken to restore the quality of service and products offered to their cu stomer or even improve them more (Vodafail.com, 2011). This might turn up to be costly for Vodafone because after improving its transmission infrastructure and quality of products, it has to re-advertise the products and services. This might take up much of its funds set aside for innovation, and research and development; the company might lose its competitiveness in the Australian market without the aspect of research and development. Therefore, Vodafone should be careful in the way it handles the situation. The messaging and data revenue for Vodafone is declining because of frequent changes in mobile phone technology; changes in technology delay adoption of new services because of availability of new mobile phones and new content services. Instability in this service affects the profit margin of Vodafone (Vodafone Group Plc, 2010). Optus is a telecommunication company in Australia with large fleets on domestic satellites. This company offers services such as internet, radio, satel lite based TV and voice mail and data services. Optus has D2 satellite which expands the existing satellite fleet; this helps Optus to provide communication services that do not much any company in Australia (Optus, 2008). The company also provides broadcasting, broadband services as well as giving wholesale access to customers who deliver internet and subscription TV services to others. Optus have stayed in the telecommunication industry for more than twenty years, and despite its continuous success, the company still continues to invest in Australia to improve its services to customers. Optus has also faced competition in the telecommunication industry especially in the mobile market; however, it still added 150,000 new mobile customers and increased its customers of smartphone and wireless broadband during the second quarter of the year 2010. All this is owed to differentiation of mobile offerings, strong network coverage and focus on customer experience. The network coverage of Optus was enhanced to reach close to 97% of Australian population who use voice and data services (Optus, 2008). Optus still experienced a devastating problem caused by floods in Queensland and Cyclone Yasi, however, Optus network was strong enough to go through unaffected. This shows that Optus has a strong network and people who work tirelessly to make sure that services are restored back to normal within a short time. This is as opposed to Vodafone which takes time to restore its services; this is an issue that has made them lose its customers to its competitors (Optus, 2010). This is a weakness Optus can capitalize on to defeat Vodafone. Optus registered another increase in its customer in the quarter that followed; 4.8 million customers joined Optus with 1.2 million using broadband subscribers. Optus has continued to differentiate its products in the market by launching different innovative services; these products include enhanced TV together with video application, which give Australians a free live streaming on their mobile phones (Optus, 2008). Optus has also partnered with TrueLocal.com.au, which allows the company to advertise its business online. Optus has also shown its commitment by supporting corporate customers through launching Optus Cloud Solution. This service offers scalable and flexible approach of managing IT resources and at the same time reduces costs incurred in infrastructure (Optus, 2010). Optus Cloud Solutions is a virtual computer with a storage capacity available on demand through a secure network connection. The company has also recorded a growth in on-net revenue from consumer and SMB fixed, and by the end of December 2010, on-net broadband customers increased to 946,000. Optus receives a customer’s experience as a measure of their performance against their competitors, which can be measured in seven dimensions: customer service, price, billing, network, point of sale and reputation. They analyze qualitative and quantitat ive data from customers and other customers as well as from their expertise in these dimensions. Optus has also developed their own KPIs, which they use to measure their performance against their competitors. When it comes to fixing performance problems as well as improving customer experience, Optus has initiated 40 significant projects with 20 already completed, and 20 are under construction (Optus, 2010). According to Optus management understanding customers’ expectations and experience should be given a priority, and with close to 8 million customers, they have designed survey programs used to capture views and requirements and forward the information to the company. This is done through regular interviews with customers and focus groups with the following aims: to find out whether their services are up to their customers expectations, their level of customer service when compared to their main competitors. Optus acknowledges that customers cannot always have a satisfacto ry experience with the company, which results in a complaint, and since their objective is to fulfill customers’ experience, they have to handle the complaints efficiently and effectively. Optus focuses on business operations in handling of customer complaints. They also consider the need to maintain productive relations with TIO and a feedback loop for continuous improvement of services (Optus, 2010). Their operations are directed to identifying the causes of complaints, managing it and ensure that the process has achieved their customer experience objectives. Complaints should be resolved at first contact with the customer, it not the complaint is referred to a team leader or TIO. Fig1. Service delivery process for Optus Company Vodafone has its own way of dealing with customers and handle their complaints. The company has received several complaints concerning the amount charged for services which was found to be incorrect by customers (Vodafail.com, 2011). These problems were blamed on unreliable Vodafone’s billing system; this system has had outages from December 2010 to January 2011. After reporting the problem, the person concerned checked the bills and confirmed the mistakes and customers were refunded. However, the source of the problem was not investigated; therefore, it was not solved. This means that there is a possibility of the problem recurring and every now and then, and if the trend continues some customers will get tired and shift to a more service efficient company. Sometimes customers experience dropping of calls and are charged a flag fall and every time they retrieve their calls they charged a minimum charge for it (Vodafail.com, 2011). This has resulted in high monthly bills and after monitoring the bandwidth it was realized that there was a higher usage than that of Huawei software. This issue required that the billing services be investigated to ensure that the billing was done fairly, however, according to some customer s Vodafone staff suggested to them to shift to a plan that was more expensive, and did not inform them about the new 24-month contracts (Vodafail.com, 2011). There are other customers who signed up for three months free service, but according to others, the three months were not free because they were counted the fourth, fifth and sixth contract. This experience was not appealing to customers, and if such complaints are not well taken care of customers would not hesitate to move away from the company. There are some cases where customers experience reception and are unable to make calls; this issue distress customers because they cannot make urgent and emergence calls and some cannot contact their families. Those who use such a service for doing business have to deal with the financial impacts associated with the technical problem (Vodafail.com, 2011). When customers try to conduct the customer care using the given number they congest lines making it difficult for some of them to re port their problem to the company. Some Vodafone employees have not been able to solve reported problems with others denying the existence of network issues while others dismissed the problems as handset related; employees in the customer care department should report any problem that is beyond their capacity (Vodafail.com, 2011). All this problems recurring and experienced by several customers show that Vodafone does not attend to customers complaints with the urgency, efficiency and effectiveness they deserve, and yet the problems can be easily solved through better communication between customers and company’s staff (Vodafail.com, 2011). If the company realizes any technical problem that might disrupt their service to their customers, the first thing is to inform customers earlier through their handsets, they should handle the problem within the shortest time possible assuming that customers depend on their service alone. After the problem has been solved entirely, they sh ould inform customers about returned normalcy as they try to monitor the systems. Vodafone staffs seemed unaware of the steps to follow to solve a problem in a service system; therefore, each one feels not responsible for problems in the service system and again no one feels responsible for solving the problems (Vodafail.com, 2011). The two companies should understand that effective service delivery requires constant interaction with customers; this will help them to understand the experiences of customers and their expectations, as well as their level of satisfaction. After collecting information about customers’ experiences and expectations, these companies should be able to adjust the way they deliver their services, and services they offer to their customers so as to meet their expectations (Vodafail.com, 2011). The companies should also understand that their customers cannot be satisfied all the time; therefore, they should expect complaints from time to time, and, in fa ct, these companies should treasure complaints because they give them a chance to improve on services they offer and how they offer them (Singtel, 2005). Complaints also help them assess how efficient they are in offering their services, compared to other companies offering the same services. The companies, therefore, should include feedback to customers in their service delivery systems any time they are handling a complaint. This is to ensure that the problem has been solved fully, and the customer is satisfied. Fig, 2. The recommended blueprint After the customer has reported a problem with the service he or she is receiving, the customer care should review the case to see if he or she have a capacity to solve the problem or offer assistance to the customer, if there is any technicality involved that is beyond his or her ability then the case should be forwarded to the team leader for solving problems or the TIO (Optus, 2008). As this team work hard to solve the problem, they sh ould maintain a feedback loop to ensure that the problem is solved effectively. Additionally, the customer should not be left in the dark regarding the problem because he or she feels the effect the most, constant feedback should be given to the customer to assure him or her that the problem is being taken care of, and the service will return to normalcy soon. The companies should also realize that it is not only the customer to report anomalies in their service delivery, but also the technical team. Therefore, in case of a technical problem or a forecasted problem, the company should take an initiative of informing the customer before he or she notices any problem, this would help the customer plan for an alternative or use the service before it is disrupted (Hoffman, 2010). This will reduce the inconveniences caused by the company and maintain customer relations. The customer should be informed of any interruptions of service prior to the actual interruption. Reference List Hoffma n, D. (2010). Services Marketing: Concepts, Strategies and Cases. New York: Cengage Learning. Optus. (2010). Australian Communications and Media Authority public inquiry: Reconnecting the Customer. Web. Optus. (2008). Business. Web. Singtel. (2005). News Release: Strongrevenue growth of 6% across Singapore and Australia. Web. Vodafail.com. (2011). Vodafones situation: yesterday, today and tomorrow. Web. Vodafone Group Plc. (2010). Annual Report For the year ended 31 March 2009. Web.

25 Synonyms for Delete

25 Synonyms for Delete 25 Synonyms for â€Å"Delete† 25 Synonyms for â€Å"Delete† By Mark Nichol The word delete did not loom large in the general vocabulary until the personal-computer revolution exposed us all to the keyboard key labeled with the word based on the Latin term delÄ“re, meaning â€Å"to wipe out† or â€Å"destroy.† Modern usage is not so vivid; the term is usually neutral in connotation. But many of its synonyms come with a more potent and portentous sense of removal. 1. Bowdlerize: This word, derived from the surname of an editor notorious for removing words and passages he considered vulgar, connotes puritanical pruning. 2. Censor: The connotation of this word, originally a Latin term for an official charged with approving literary works, is of removal of content considered subversive or dangerous to the stability of the state and society. 3. Efface: This term, from an Anglo-French word literally meaning â€Å"un-face,† refers to the physical act of removal, but in the context of content, it suggests removing content so as to eliminate it from memory. The verb also refers to wearing away or making inconspicuous. 4. Eradicate: The Latin progenitor of this word, eradicatus, literally means â€Å"pull up from roots,† but the contemporary sense is similar to that of efface. However, the idea is that the content is destroyed from the roots up rather than from the surface down. 5. Erase: The Latin predecessor, erasus, which means â€Å"to scratch or scrape,† refers to the removal of ink from parchment or paper or of incisions in clay by literally abrading the surface, which a modern rubber eraser does more gently. The sense, however, is of an action just as definitive. 6. Excise: Excise literally means â€Å"to cut out,† as if referring to an element lifted out from the whole. 7. Expunge: The literal translation of the Latin term expungere is â€Å"to dot out,† from when words were marked for deletion by making dots underneath them. An idiom employing this word, â€Å"expunge from the record,† indicates the modern sense of elimination from documentation. 8. Expurgate: The meaning of this word is clear from its central element it means â€Å"to purge,† to remove objectionable material. An unexpurgated version of a document retains the original content. 9. Launder: To launder language is to clean it by removing objectionable material. 10. Obliterate: The root of obliterate is disguised by the pronunciation of the first two consonants as a blend; its elements are ob and literate. The Latin term from which the word is derived, oblitteratus, literally means â€Å"against letters.† The sense of obliterate is of definitive destruction. 11. Omit: This word’s Latin forbear originally had the same prefix as obliterate. The other element, found in admit, remit, and submit, means â€Å"to let go or send.† Now, omit means â€Å"to leave out.† 12. Redact: Redact means â€Å"to select for removal.† It is also a synonym for edit, but the primary sense is of removing sensitive information in documents, usually by superimposing blocks of black marks over the text. 13. Repress: This is perhaps the most figurative of the synonyms for delete, in that it refers to preventing expression. 14. Silence: Though this word is normally associated with speaking and hearing, rather than writing and reading, it has a figurative connotation of removing the means of communication. 15. Suppress: Suppress differs only slightly in form and meaning from repress (â€Å"hold down,† as compared to â€Å"hold back†); the connotation is of authoritarian action to block publication. 16-25: Idiomatic expressions for delete include â€Å"black out,† â€Å"blot out,† â€Å"rub out,† and â€Å"wipe out.† Informal single-word synonyms are bleep, blip, clip, cut, and crop. (The first two derive from acoustic deletion but are sometimes applied to writing.) The most colorful of terms stems from the nearly obsolete tradition of using a brightly colored writing instrument to make deletions stand out on a page: red-pencil. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How Many Tenses in English?Hang, Hung, Hanged50 Tips on How to Write Good

Role of Creative Management in the Improvement of Entrepreneurial Essay

Role of Creative Management in the Improvement of Entrepreneurial Activities - Essay Example Current research focuses – as already explained above – on creative management and its role in the improvement of entrepreneurial activities around the world. However, in order for the above issue to be appropriately explored it is necessary to examine a series of supplementary (or else secondary) issues like the following ones: a) is there a specific mode of creative management applied internationally? b) which is the role of innovation in the whole effort? c) which are the strategies adopted by the firms regarding the other entrepreneurial sectors (e.g. the HR department) when creative management is applied in all organizational activities? and d) are there specific methods for the measurement of the effectiveness of the creative management mode chosen by a particular firm? All these issues should be addressed appropriately in order to formulate a complete assumption regarding the role of creative management in the development of entrepreneurial performance and its in teraction with innovation. Current study can face certain obstacles especially regarding the measurement of effectiveness of creative management in firms around the world. More specifically, because creative management belongs in the firm’s strategic decisions, it is rather difficult to retrieve accurate info for its effectiveness when applied in a particular organization – severe weaknesses of the above strategy are very likely not to be published trying to protect the firm’s position in its market. Towards this direction, all data and views presented regarding the particular issue have to be carefully chosen in order to represent the actual position of creative management and its effectiveness in the international market (at least as estimated by the majority of firms globally). The research method used in current paper will be a combination of qualitative and quantitative one.

Write proposal (in memo format) for Instruction Kit Essay

Write proposal (in memo format) for Instruction Kit - Essay Example In stage two, the center link should be located because it serves as a point of attachment for the jumpring used. This should be done by properly measuring the chain. In stage three, the center butterfly pedant should be created. These should be properly made to produce a desirable and identical loop on the bead. In stage five, 2 more butterflies need to be made using the same procedure outlined in the previous stage. Lastly, in stage six, a 4mm line bead should be created on the back side of the chain so as to help in making the necklace. Actually, this is the right procedure that needs to be followed by anyone who wants to make an attractive necklace. I believe that this is exactly what these employees should know. Once they are rigorously coached, they will definitely do a great job to the expectation of the company’s management. Thank you very much for giving me an opportunity to be part of this transformative

Workplace Privacy Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 12000 words

Workplace Privacy - Thesis Example In this scenario, the extent to which an employee can monitor and where he needs to draw a line is a major concern for both employers and employees. Employers find it crucial to monitor their workplaces due to fraud and theft, productivity, security concerns which stem from internal workforce either directly or indirectly. They utilize monitoring methods and application that range from telephone monitoring to genetic testing. On the other hand, employees regard it as intrusive monitoring that invades their right to privacy without reasonable justification. Though the right to privacy is not explicitly given in U.S. Constitution, there are certain amendments (1st, 4th, and 9th) and Acts that ensure employees privacy rights. However these conflicting interests give rise to legal issues and lawsuits from employees in United States. This paper analyses the idea of workplace privacy, some of its legal and technological aspects, gives an in-depth review of employers and employees perspecti ve on the issue, and considering the complex nature of the privacy in workplace. It is inferred that employers and government should collectively fill the gaps between law and emerging technology related privacy issues for better workplace. 2. Defining workplace privacy There are a number of ways to define privacy. Earlier definition of privacy concentrated on a person’s right to his individual privacy which refers to his right to be alone and at a distance from other people(Chapin 164;Bates 839).However, research on this perception soon expanded and a person’s environment is also included as an element in the discussion of privacy(Bellingar and Virginia 2).Spreading it further Schwartz stated:â€Å"

The resistance of the wire will be measured Essay Example for Free

The resistance of the wire will be measured Essay There were 3 types accuracy equipment we used:   Ruler which was accurate to + or 1mm   Ammeter which was accurate to + or 0. 01 amps Voltmeter which was accurate to + or 0. 01 volts To make sure our results were fair we did each result 3 times, worked out a resistance and then worked out the final resistance. Making it Fair We did certain things to keep the investigation fair:   We used the same lengths of wire each time. We used the same current each time.   We used the same material each time. Safety To make our investigation as safe as possible, we tried work in a safe and tidy environment which was not overcrowded. We also worked with less than 1 amp because it might overheat and there would be a danger of burning. We switched off the power when we were changing the wires to avoid getting burned. We did not cut the wire from the reel to avoid getting cut. Results We have tested constantan in this investigation. Material Length of wire (cm) Current A B C Voltage A B C Resistance A B C Average 24 swg Material Length of wire (cm) Current A B C Voltage A B C Resistance A B C Average 26 swg 7 Material Length of wire (cm) Current A B C Voltage A B C Resistance A B C Average 28 swg Material Length of wire (cm) Current A B C Voltage A B C Resistance A B C Average   Material Length of wire (cm) Current A B C Voltage A B C Resistance A B C Average   Conclusion The results in all the tables show that the resistance increases each time the length of the wire is increased, as shown in all of the tables above. The length of the wire affects the resistance of the wire because the number of atoms in the wire increases as the length of the wire increases. The resistance of a wire depends on the number of collisions the electrons have with the atoms of the material, so if there is a larger number of atoms there will be a larger number of collisions, which will increase the resistance of the wire. Evaluation After doing this experiment, I have come up with a reliable set of results. Even though I have achieved a good set of results there are obviously going to be errors, which I have made that could affect the investigation. The errors that I came across were, the wire was very hard to get straight and had bends, the voltmeter was only accurate to two decimal places so the voltage was flickering which made it hard to tell what the exact number was. To make my accuracy better we could have done more than ten lengths, done each result more than three times, used ammeter and voltmeter sensor. We could also have used different cross sectional areas or use different materials. I think my graph was good to look at but there are still one or two anomalous results which could have been caused by accuracy measuring instruments which we could have improved. To support my conclusion I could do some extra work like testing more materials to see what other materials it would work with. We could test more length to see if the graph will rise in proportion or will there be a point where the graph will bend and the resistance will not go any higher. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Electricity and Magnetism section.

America Must Awake from the Nightmare of the Past to the Light of a New

America Must Awake from the Nightmare of the Past to the Light of a New Day Nostalgia is America's fatal disease. We love to "go back," to talk of the good old days, to wish we could return to an era forever gone. This rhetoric that warms our hearts, though, is, ironically, the impetus for our national self-destruction. Nostalgia valorizes a past that never was, casts a dark shadow of distortion across the present, and prevents us from projecting a viable, sincere vision of a better future. When we, as a nation, say we want to go back to a time past, that's very often what happens, for such talk sends us into a regressive downward spiral that prevents critical social progress in America. The American political scene is shot through with the rhetoric of nostalgia. A growing movement in the United States, led by conservative and neoconservative politicians, scholars and spokespeople, heralds a return to an America they believe has died in the tumult of recent social change. This America, they say, was one where we all worked hard and took care of our own. It was a harmonious place where everyone, from presidents to janitors, shared common values on community, family, government, and life. We need the American Dream back, the rhetoric goes. Way back when, with some elbow grease and a little ingenuity, everyone could have a house in the suburbs and a new white dress for their daughter on Easter Sunday. Enough of this social chaos, where everyone complains about everything, and they're all looking for a free handout from the government. We need to go back to when things were right_to when fair was fair, everyone believed in the family, and people had their heads on straight. Sounds nice, doesn't it?! ... ...edom_beyond that which any peoples have ever before experienced. This chaos is difficult and always challenging, and leaves us with nothing to hold onto. The answer to these challenges, though, is not to turn in this chaos for a new white dress and a home in the suburbs. Rather, we must create a new color of virtue, find a new place of hope. We need not out of fear go back to our past, as American nostalgia tells us to. We must shed our fears and strive for a new order, one forged in chaos and grounded in freedom. New cultural and political norms, on structures from family to government, are waiting to be born, and it is our job to create and nurture them. It is time to lay our fear of the unknown aside and jump headlong into the darkness of the future. Only then can we hope to someday awake from the nightmare of the past to the light of a new day.

The Illegal use of Oxycontin

Attention Getter: A pill cutter, a bottle of water, a credit card, a straw, a thick white powdery line, then a sniff†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦This is the deadly and illegal use of OxyContin, or otherwise known in my town as OC†s. Credibility: This is a sad description of an on going problem in my very own town. This is a description of a very highly addictive painkiller called Oxycontin. This pain reliever is already controlling the lives of many of my friends and many people in this country. I feel as though precautions must be met to stop the illegal use of OxyContin from spreading. Purpose: The purpose of my speech is to explain to all of you the downsides and the heavy addiction that this pain reliever causes. I personally believe that this rapidly increasing problem must be stopped. I realize that there is no denying that it's recreational use and abuse are a problem, there is another more important problem of at least equal concern the needs of people truly suffering from chronic pain and in need of OxyContin for pain relief. Forecast Statement: The negative aspects for both street users and patients and explain what pharmacists, physicians and representatives from the Purdue Pharmaceuticals are doing to ensure that this medication remains available for those who need it and stays out of the hands of those who abuse it. The synthetic opioid OxyContin has become a drug of abuse, following in the steps of other prescription drugs that contain Oxycodone, the active ingredient in OxyContin. The level of abuse and the number of people who have died because of OxyContin abuse are growing. At first many pain specialist initially believed that the controlled-release oxycondone had a low potential for abuse, boy were they wrong. In recent years, this drug has exploded to the streets. The latest report from the DEA, the Drug Enforcement Agency, states that Oxycontins have played a role in over 282 people since the beginning of 2002. The DEA says that it is only a matter of time before every community in this country is confronted with the problem of Oxycontin abuse. No prescription drug in the last twenty years has been so widely abused after it†s release. Oxycontin was pain reliever meant to do good, not bad. Oxycontin is prescribed to patients, who are chronic pain, patients who are dying of cancer, recovering from major surgery and or suffering from unbearable headaches. This pain reliever is known for its significant improvement over all other pain relieving medications. The time-release mechanisms allow the right amount of the medication to be released to keep sustained relief for people in severe pain for up to 12 hours. Not only street users become addicts, patients also become very addicted to their own medicine. Many patients go threw heavy withdrawal symptoms when their prescriptions have ended. No longer will insurance pay or doctors write prescriptions. So they too must turn to the black market to fulfill their addiction. In the worst cases some patients turn to heroin because Oxycontins to expensive. Before a person is prescribed this pill, the patient is supposed to undergo a complete physical examination, the patients record should be contained with detailed documentation of the nature and intensity of the pain, current and past treatment, other illnesses, and their history of drug and alcohol use. Then the risks, type, dosage, and quantity of the pain medication must be explained to the patient. Prescriptions will only be filed out during office hours, lost prescription slips will not be rewritten or otherwise replaced, lost or stolen medications will not be replaced. If asked by the doctor, the patient can be submitted to drug testing and urine screening to ensure that the patient is taking a controlled release of the oxycodone. All of these steps must be taken before the prescription can even be written out by the doctor. The Connecticut Company, Purdue Pharma, first introduced Oxycontins in December of 1995. Since then the popularity of this pain pill has grossed to over 1 billion dollars in U.S. retail Sales last year with of 5.5 million prescriptions written. Street users are attracted to the drugs euphoric high. The time- release is licked or peeled off of the pill. It is then crushed with a hard object broken up to a white powder, then it is broken up into very small lines and snorted or mixed into a dilute and injected into their veins. The drug then provides a high very similar to heroin, like heroin, it becomes highly addictive. OxyContin is a narcotic drug. Narcotic drugs cause not only a physical addiction but also a psychological dependence. Narcotics are drugs that produce a change in response to sensations. Sounds appetizing doesn†t it. The problem with OxyContins is that each tablet contains higher amounts of narcotic than any other painkillers, because of the extended action of the medication. Authorities suggest that this is the reason for the streets popularity. OxyContin abusers who have never used heroin may be attracted to heroin when they can no longer afford the high street level price of OxyContins. Heroin is much cheaper and gives a stronger feeling of euphoria. You may ask how do these drugs get into the hands of abusers? Pharmacy workers take the drug directly from the shelf. People create fraudulent prescriptions. People with or without true illness visit several doctors, perhaps even in several states to obtain a large quantity of the drug. Dishonest doctors write improper prescriptions for money or favors. Addicts rob houses, nursing homes and pharmacies just to get high. On the other hand, many doctors don†t prescribe it because they don†t want to be suspected of irregular practice. As a result of numerous robberies many drug stores no longer carry Oxycontin for the fear of being robbed. All of these factors are hurting the people who are legally prescribed OxyContin or other narcotic pain relievers to treat legitimate conditions, often are unfairly accused of being addicted to the pain medications. Misconceptions about proper pain management sometimes lead to under-utilization of available pain medications. Cancer patients and people in recovery are at a high risk of losing their medication because of the increasing sillegal use of the drug. Many law suits are being brought against Purdue that might hurt the avaiblitly of the drug. What is being done to stop this rapidly growing epidemic? Purdue Pharma has responded to the growing problem of OxyContin abuse by distributing over 400,000 brochures to pharmacists and healthcare professionals to educate them on preventing diversion. Legislative initiatives are also being drafted to make Oxycontins distribution less appealing by creating more strict penalties. Meeting with law enforcement officials in several states. Offering grant money for education and drug abuse prevention programs. Purdue Pharma claims it is committed to finding solutions. In the long term, millions of dollars are being spent on research and development a new pain medication, less likely to be abused. A new painkiller, still in development, is not expected to be available for at least three years, and has yet to be named. Purdue Pharma is anticipating that clinical trials will begin in early 2002. However, years of research and the FDA approval process are hurdles which must be cleared before anything newly-developed can be marketed. Clearly, that is not an immediate solution to the OxyContin problem. That's why the DEA has stepped in with a sense of urgency, offering its proposals as deterrents to the abuse. There is way around it, illegal OxyContin use is a problem. It's both. OxyContin is one of the best-selling brand-name drugs in the world, and also one of the most abused drugs. Although, this pill is meant to help save lives it is killing more than it is helping. Many street users of OxyContin are young, like my friends at home are who are unaware of how potent these tablets can be. The addiction to this pill is so dangerous and if is not taken under control it will control you. If you know someone who may be addicted please get them help before there lives go down the tubes. I hope you all can see how important this subject is. It is affecting my life, I hope you can stop it from affecting yours.

Consumer Behavior

What does the purchase of a product like Nike mean to Sunder Singh? Sunder Sing, just escaping homelessness is clearly proud that he was able to save and buy a pair of Nikes. He could undoubtedly have purchase a different brand that would have met his physical needs as well for much less money which he does not say why he bought the more expensive Nikes, a reasonable interpretation is that they serve as a visible symbol that Sunder Singh is back as a successful. Sunder Singh is not Unique among low-income consumer in wanting and buying items such as Nike shoes.As one expert says. â€Å"The low income consumer wants the same product and services other consumer want†. He suggests that marketing efforts reflect those desires. Another expert state. There’s this stereotype that they don’t have enough money for toothpaste and that’s just not true. There has been some significance to them being called lower income, but they do buy things. The working poor are for ced to spend a disproportionate present of theirs income on housing, utilities and medical care due to lack of insurance.They generally relay on public transportation, they spend a smaller portion of their relatively small income on meals away from home and all forms of entertainment such as admission, pets and toys; they spend very little on their own financial security. However Sunder Singh illustrated they spend the same percent of their income though a smaller amount on apparel and accessories. 2. What does the story say about our society and the impact of marketing on consumer behavior? â€Å"Society can exist without Marketing, but Marketing cannot exist without Society†Marketing is the management process of anticipating, identifying and satisfying customer’s requirements. The various conventional marketing tools- advertising, branding, direct marketing, sales promotion, publicity & public relations. Effect of marketing on society, in particular on Vulnerable Gro ups Marketing and society, the commensuration of the two words raises a few eyebrows, as it is highly debatable. On the one hand, Society thrives on the marketing efforts of the Companies, while another school of thought argues that marketing makes the society more materialistic.Today, striking a balance between the two is the challenge faced by the Marketers. The society expects the business to be ethical and desires corporate executives, at all levels to apply ethical principles in other words, guidelines as to what is right and wrong, fair and unfair, and morally correct, when they make business decisions. Advertisers are traditionally use techniques to which children and adolescents are more susceptible, such as product placement in TV shows, tie in between movies and fast food restaurants, to mention a few.Therefore there exist many marketing evils that lure people to buy even when not required. Case III Star Airways 1. What is likely to be the decision process in case of choos ing an airline? Buyer decision processes are the decesion making processes undertaken by consumers in regard to a potential market transaction before, during, and after the purchase of a product or service. More generally, decision making is the cognitive process of selecting a course of action from among multiple alternatives. Decision making is said to be a psychological construct.This means that although we can never â€Å"see† a decision, we can infer from observable behaviour that a decision has been made. Therefore we conclude that a psychological event that we call â€Å"decision making† has occurred. It is a construction that imputes commitment to action. That is, based on observable actions, we assume that people have made a commitment to effect the action. In general there are three ways of analysing consumer buying decisions. They are: * Economic models – These models are largely quantitative and are based on the assumptions of rationality and near pe rfect knowledge.The consumer is seen to maximize their utility * Psychological models – These models concentrate on psychological and cognitive processes such as motivation and need recognition. They are qualitative rather than quantitative and build on sociological factors like cultural influences and family influences. * Consumer behaviour models – These are practical models used by marketers. They typically blend both economic and psychological models. Consumer decision making is best summarised in the following diagramProblem recognition: The need for new airlines Consumers of India received a problem with the product that is offered by other similar airlines. The consumer choose product because of their quality and service. Information Search: Surfs the internet to learn about airlines. View TV ad, hear from family members or friends. May read certain magazine when at home or outside Evaluation of Alternative and selection compares several airlines in terms of rep utation and available features, Price point and discount offered free gifts.Purchase decision: Choose on airline it has a feature that really appeals to him and buys it Purchase Behavior dissonance and complex evaluation. 2. Would this plan suggested by the vice president help in convincing the customers to use Star Airways? Give your reasons. Consumer decision making process is a list of steps that are carried out by consumers concerning to a potential market transaction, before, during and after the purchase of a product or service. The process includes identifying the problem, collecting information, evaluating the alternatives, making the purchase decision and evaluating post purchase.Information search when a consumer discovers a problem or a need, he or she is likely to search for more information on how to solve it. The information search stage involves gathering information from various sources in order to make a better-informed decision, it helps clarifies the options open to the consumer which may involve internal search Understanding customer needs is the keystone to Star Airways success. The most successful companies understand the value of their customers as they measure success through the amount of customers they serve each year.Increasing customer base is a goal and a challenge that every company must face. Listening to customers and researching the market will provide a company with opportunities to become an industry leader. Finding cost effective ways to meet customer demands are at the root of the challenge. Star Airways must face this challenge head-on while keeping the customer in the forefront of any action the company takes. They must develop products that will appeal to customers and draw in new business. This problem solution will discuss opportunities and well as analyze an optimal solution.That will assist Star Airways in achieving their goals. The variety of successful strategies in use today was in full display at the ATW Winning Strategies conference in Washington, where some of the airline industry's keenest minds shared their wisdom. Dr. Adam Pilarski, senior VP at consultancy Avitas, opened the conference with a controversial statement, â€Å"the myth of overcapacity is an urban legend,† pointing out that historically high load factors should push fares up. â€Å"If airlines don't make money when they have the highest load factors ever, there is something wrong with their business model. He implied that airline managers over think their strategies and fail to follow what he called â€Å"Adam's Rule: Revenue greater than cost equals good. † The first thing to do is â€Å"Don't be stupid,† he said, adding a list of â€Å"stupid† strategies: Don't insult customers. No extreme yield management. No bad airline names. No adversary relations with employees. Do not have stupid business plans. â€Å"Please remember you are in a service industry,† he said, and try to avoid what former Continental CEO Gordon Bethune referred to as â€Å"sky nazi† cabin service.He criticized â€Å"nickel-and-dime† attitudes toward cutting amenities, scoffing at airlines' publicized moves to remove olives and pillows. You must cut costs in ways that make sense, related to productivity. † Cost control â€Å"has to fit the business model, and must be related to productivity. † The plan suggested by the VP Marketing, Anil Saxena, felt that the company needed to advertise its dedication to quality and rebuild an image of being discussions with the advertising agency to launch a campaign in the near future.Advertising: Convincing the Consumer when a company wants their product to sell to consumers, they give them a reason why their product is better than others. Advertising sells to consumers wants not just to their needs. People need a car but want a Cadillac. They need clothes, but they want Ralph-Lauren. When most people flip though ads the go fairly fast, therefore it must grab their attention. A good ad allows the reader to instantly recognize the concept being communicated. It sends a simple and easy message to the reader of the benefits they will get if they use their product.Cigar, cigarette, and alcohol ads in the mid 1900's persuade the reader that their products provide a beneficial and pleasurable experience. Case IV Mouse-Rid 1. Has Shobha identified the best target market for Mouse-Rid? Why or why not? Shobha has targeted women for the product. She feels that women are the best group to target because they don’t like the mess or the risks created by traditional mouse traps. This is a good marketing segment to start off with but there are a couple of things that Shobha could have improved on.First off, she should have probably segmented women into a couple different groups. In today’s world all women don’t’ stay at home and take care of kids. In fact the population of women that do that is r apidly shrinking and being replaced by independent professionals. In effect, by targeting women that stay at home, Shobha is targeting a shrinking market. She could probably segment women into a couple different categories. For example: working women, single women, house wives, etc. There are also other markets which Shobha could target.Some other market segments that hold large potential for the Trap-Ease are market like environmentalist, animal lovers, corporate business and families. The Trap-Ease mouse trap is re-useable and therefore creates less of a strain on the environment which would make it very attractive things for environmentalists and people who care about the earth. The environmentalist market is also growing as people became more aware of global warming and other problems such as deforestation. Animal lovers would love the Trap-Ease mouse trap because it doesn’t require poison or pose the risk of snapping closed on a paw or tongue of a pet.Corporate Business would probably like the Trap-Ease mouse trap because of its high qualitymore futuristic image and the fact that it would create as much of a mess. They wouldprobably be less hesitant to have them sitting around the office. Families with kidsshould be the primary market segment of Trap-Ease seeing as it will probably be their largest. Mouse traps and poison pose a very large risk to infants and toddlers and caringmothers and fathers would probably happily buy a product which would better protecttheir children.It seems that the Trap-Ease mouse trap has positioned itself in the market as being a veryinnovative and well engineered product. It has done this by winning awards from tradeshows and magazines. If it is better able to connect these features of the mouse traps withthe needs and wants of their target consumers then they should be able to generate alarger demand. They could also try to change it’s position a little bit. Trap-Ease could also position the product as causing less waist because it is re-useable o rthey could lower it’s cost and make it more affordable.By making it â€Å"the mostaffordable, innovative mouse trap† on the market they could probably gain some moredemand. Another way in which they could position their product would be by having an incredibly good customer service team that could deliver services to their customers thatwere having problems using the product. By having a good customer service team theycould build better relationships with their customers and increase their customer equity The marketing mix of a company consists of the four P’s: Product, Price, Place andPromotion.Currently Trap-Ease only has one product, their mouse trap. They probably could create a couple different versions of their mouse trap in order to offer more variety. The higher price of their mouse trap seems to be consistent with a quality differentiationstrategy but they probably could offer a wider range of prices on the differe nt models oftheir trap if they chose to widen their product range. Right now they are trying todistribute their product through stores like Kmart and Safeway. A really good market tohit would probably be the internet.People on in the internet are often times into quality,ease of use, and innovativeness and don’t mind spending a little more money to get whatthey want. It is also a high profit market because it reduces transportation costs and thereare no middle man costs. The promotion of the Trap-Ease mouse trap seems to be one oftheir largest problems. They should promote over the internet for certain on sites thatthey think their target market will be visiting and they should also think about putting outads on TV. In this changing high tech environment magazine ads aren’t enough anymore.Trap-Ease America’s competition is any company that creates mouse traps. They face amarket in which large volume of low quality low cost mouse traps are sold. There arealso poi sons that are sold which are a danger to pets and animals as well as the mice theyare supposed to kill. There are also other versions of live catch mouse traps out there. An example of one of Trap-Ease’s competition is d-CON who offers both baits and traps. They actually also offer a version of a no touch mouse trap in which you don’t have totouch the mouse after you have trapped it.They are selling this for 150 which is higher then the suggested retail price for the Trap-Ease mouse trap which is 1:0 six times more expensive. This would suggest that Trap-Ease has priced lower then some of its competitors which will give it apricing advantage. Companies such as Havahart offer traps which humanely catcheverything from mice to voles and shrews and are competition for the humane factors ofthe Trap-Ease trap. Other competitors include: Victor, JT Eaton and Riddex. The first thing I would do to change Trap-Ease’s marketing strategy would be to increasethe amount of pe ople in their marketing team.Although Martha was probably trying tokeep down costs by not hiring anyone for her marketing team she made one importantmistake. One of the most important things when coming out with a new product is themarketing because until you’ve communicated the benefits of your product to the consumer there will not be sufficient demand for it. Her entry into the market was toosmall scale and chances are that with such an innovative product that the company willdo better in the long run with a larger scale entry. She should have asked for a largerbudget and hired more people for the marketing team.She should have then put muchmore work into the Analysis of her target markets and perhaps expanded her scope oftarget markets while increasing the segmentation. This would allow her to betterdifferentiate her product. I would put in operating controls and strategic controls in order to monitor the marketingteam’s progress and make sure that what they are do ing is consistent with the company’sgoals and strategy. These controls would very important for gathering the informationthat would form the strategies in the coming years.It would also probably help to do amarket audit at some point during the first year just to make sure that things are runningsmoothly and it shouldn’t cost that much to do one at such an early stage in thecompanies development because of the smaller volume of papers to audit. Summary Targeting: The targeting should have been done within a broader demographic area. Slums, warehouses, go downs, docks, kirana shops, retail stores, restaurant, canteens and cold storages must be targeted for potential customers. The segmenting must avail wholesalers and the intermediaries too part from the retailers. Marketing channels like Toll-free numbers, newspaper, television, radio and mobile marketing must be used effectively to target MEN. Pest control companies must be primarily targeted and a joint venture can b e planned if necessary. We should target to environmentalists, animal lovers and corporate business. 2. Does Shobha have enough needed data on consumer behavior? What type of consumer research should Shobha conduct? Shobha have no enough needed data on consumer behaviour. She should adopt the following data collection methods †¢ DATA COLLECTION METHODS DESK RESEARCH OR SECONDARY DATA â€Å"Secondary data consists of information that already exists somewhere, having been collected for another purpose†. In other words, secondary data are those which have been collected by someone else and which have already been passed through statistical process, there are two sources of this data: Internal sources – this is data which is available within the company, although companies do not make full enough use of the information that is routinely collected. External sources – this is data which has been published for commercial reasons.A key source of secondary data is t he library service and most good libraries have a wide range of sources. Some government data is available free, other secondary data can be very expensive. It is important in a research project to know what data is available since this will guide the structure and format of the fieldwork in the primary data collection stage. It is possible that secondary data sources can provide the complete answer to the problem under scrutiny. The least it will do is save time and money in directing the scope of the field work. It can also influence the choice of data collection methods used in the field ork. Primary Data – Kotler and Armstrong say that â€Å"primary data consists of information collected for the specific purpose at hand†. In other words, primary data are those, which are collected afresh and for first time and thus happen to be original in character. Once the desk research is complete the researcher will have a much clearer idea of: †¢ The up-to-date and relev ant data †¢ What data still needs to be collected to find a solution to the problem under scrutiny. †¢ To achieve the data and information the research teams need to answer certain questions: What is it necessary to know?Who will have the information which is sought? What is the best method (quick and efficient) to use to collect this data? †¢ It is important to streamline the answers to these questions to avoid collecting a mass of irrelevant data by inappropriate or inefficient methods. The two types of data are: Quantitative Data – As the term implies this is data which is expressed in numbers. Quantitative data is quite easy to collect, and a large amount of reliable and valid data can be collected largely by questionnaire in quite a short period of time. It is a fairly formal approach.This data arises from what is termed â€Å"closed questions† because the respondent is restricted in the choice of answer the respondent can give. Qualitative data â⠂¬â€œ Qualitative data is obtained from group discussions or in-depth interviews and its findings are based on content rather than numeric analysis. Qualitative data is said to be much more subjective than its counterpart. Questions are open-ended and can lead to a free ranging and in-depth discussion on a specific point which provides a variety of rich data. There are no numbers or digits in this data and it is not subject to statistical interpretation.TYPES OF PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION 1) OBSERVATION : Observation becomes a scientific tool and the method of data collection for the researcher when it serves a formulated research purpose is systematically planned and recorded and is subjected to checks and controls on validity and reliability. Under the observation method the information is sought by way of investigators own direct observation without asking from respondent. 2) SURVEYS: Surveys are concerned with describing, recording, analyzing and interpreting conditions that exist or existed.The researcher does not manipulate the variable or arrange for events to happen Surveys are only concerned with conditions or relationships that exist, opinions that are held, processes that are going on, effects that are evident or trends that are developing. They are primarily concerned with present but at times do consider past events and influences as they relate to current conditions. 3) Experiment: Experiment may be conducted in lab or in the field. The researcher can test the relative sales appeals for package, designs, price, promotional offers and copy themes etc. , by designing suitable experiments to identify cause and effect.The first thing I would do to change is marketing strategy would be to increasethe amount of people in their marketing team. Although Shobha was probably trying to keep down costs by not hiring anyone for her marketing team she made one important mistake. One of the most important things when coming out with a new product is the marketing because until you’ve communicated the benefits of your product to the consumer there will not be sufficient demand for it. Her entry into the market was too small scale and chances are that with such an innovative product that the company will do better in the long run with a larger scale entry.She should have asked for a larger budget and hired more people for the marketing team. She should have then put much more work into the Analysis of her target markets and perhaps expanded her scope of target markets while increasing the segmentation. This would allow her to better differentiate her product. I would put in operating controls and strategic controls in order to monitor the marketing team’s progress and make sure that what they are doing is consistent with the company’s goals and strategy. These controls would very important for gathering the information that would form the strategies in the coming years.It would also probably help to do amarket audit at som e point during the first year just to make sure that things are runningsmoothly and it shouldn’t cost that much to do one at such an early stage in thecompanies development because of the smaller volume of papers to audit. 3. What type of advertising can influence consumers for this type of product? . The low cost of posters and handbills encouraged a numberof publishers to experiment with other methods. Method were useful fo rinforming and reminding and reminding, they could not do the whole promotional job.Theywere used only to reach each consumer personally. The merchant still used personal persuasiononce the customers were attracted to his store. The invention of hand press increased the potentialities of advertising. times, posters had made their appearance, and assumed the function of fostering demand for the product. CASE VI Impact of Retail Promotions on Consumers 1 Why would some consumers have high-involvement levels in learning about this sales promotion? A good de finition of sales promotion would be as follows: â€Å"An activity designed to boost the sales of a product or service.It may include an advertising campaign, increased PR activity, a free-sample campaign, offering free gifts or trading stamps, arranging demonstrations or exhibitions, setting up competitions with attractive prizes, temporary price reductions, door-to-door calling, telemarketing, personal letters on other methods†. More than any other element of the promotional mix, sales promotion is about â€Å"action†. It is about stimulating customers to buy a product. It is not designed to be informative – a role which advertising is much better suited to. Sales promotion is commonly referred to as â€Å"Below the Line† promotion.Sales promotion can be directed at: †¢ The ultimate consumer (a â€Å"pull strategy† encouraging purchase) †¢ The distribution channel (a â€Å"push strategy† encouraging the channels to stock the prod uct). This is usually known as â€Å"selling into the trade† Some customers show high level of involvement in sales promotion is to know about the features product, competitor’s product which replace the same product, price and discount offered for the product. Additional kit or benefit for the product, and to know what the new arrivals in the market are. Customers will also learn about he stores and its goodwill by such type of sales promotions. Is a level of 75 per cent comprehension realistic among those who become aware of an ad? Why or why not? Results of the study showed that ad exposure was 75 per cent and ad awareness level was 68 per cent and was considered as high. Only 43 percent respondents exposed to and aware of the ad copy could accurately recall important details, such as the name of the store promoting the retail sale. Just 43 per cent correct interpretation was considered as low. Of those who could accurately interpret the ad copy, 32 per cent said th ey intended to respond by purchasing the advertised · products ‘ and 68per cent sad they had no intention to buy.This yields an overall intention to buy of 7 per cent. The largest area of lost opportunity was due to those who did not accurately interpret the ad copy. The post-promotion survey indicated that only 4. 2 per cent of the target market customers made purchases of the promoted products during the promotion period. In terms of how the buyers learned of the promotion, 46 per cent mentioned newspaper A (Hindi), 27 per cent newspaper B (Hindi), 8 per cent newspaper (English), and 15 per cent learned about sale through word-of mouth communication. Do you think such promotions are likely to influence the quality image of the retail store? Explain. Basically, promotion is first introduced in the 4Ps of marketing. The four Ps represents the marketing mix (Product, Price, Place ; Promotion) and the promotional mix is the important term used to explain the set of tools of th e business. This is applied to achieve benefit of its products and services from its consumer and the followings are (Advertising, Public relation, Direct Marketing, Personal selling and Sales promotion) On the other hand consumer behaviour is another important aspect in the retail business sector.Consumers are not always normal/simple buyer. There are many aspects involved in buying decision process. They hold strategic shopping manner at the time of buying a product or services from a company. The main aim and objective of this research is such promotions are likey to influence the qulity immage of the retials store. Such Sales promotion has a great impact and influence on consumer buying behaviour in the retails stores – based on Tesco retail store. Such sales promotion role has a great impact on consumer buying behaviour.It has a great and strong significance role on retail industry sector. Basically sales promotions strategies used as a short-term technique tool which pr incipal objective is to influence the ultimate buyers to try a brand or change their mind to another brand. Sales promotion represent to discount a brand, it can be directly or indirectly, directly price reduction or indirectly through coupons ; premiums. But when the retail stores withdraw the sales promotion, then the normal price should have had a inferior value and the result of this should have had a negative impact on consumer buying behavior.The study focuses the significant attitude, perception of the consumer behaviour and it reflects the consumer loyalty on the basis of customer relationship management. Here the findings and analysis have discovered the vital reason that impacts positively on consumer buying behaviour and in the sales volume. ———————– Need and Problem recognition Information Search Evaluation and Selection Decision Implementation Post Purchase Processes Consumer Behavior 2. What is the basic difference between a fad, a fashion, a classic, and a trend? Provide example of each. A fashion refers to a style that is accepted by a large group of people at a given time such as skinny jeans. Some styles become classics, which are styles that become acceptable and in good taste anytime and place such as the classic black dress. A fad is a short lived fashion that suddenly becomes popular and quickly disappears; generally it only affects a specific group of the population such as low rise jeans wore by juniors. A trend is a general direction or movement as a style begins to be accepted such as the revival of high-waist jeans made from a light denim which also were worn in the 60-70s. 11. State some differences between the positivist and interpretivist approaches to consumer research. For each type of inquiry give examples of product dimensions what would be more usefully explored using that type of research over the other. Positivist assume the nature of reality is objective, tangible, and single, while the interprevisit believe that nature of reality is socially constructed and multiple, this should be used with products that are socially minded and include interactions based on technology such as social networking. Positivist have a goal of prediction which is good when trying to create trend reports and in the process of product development, while interpretivist goal is of understanding, this would be most useful when analyzing behavior toward products already on the market. . What is the difference between an enacted norm and a crescive norm? Identify the set of crescive norms operating when a man and a woman in your culture go out for dinner on a first date. What would they wear? An enacted norm are explicitly decided upon while crescive norms are embedded in a culture and are only discovered through interaction with other members’ of the culture. When a young man and woman go out on a first date, if they are both from the same culture then they are following crescive norms, because they are both following the norms which are accepted within their given culture. If they are both from completely different cultures, then they would be operating on enacted norms. What they would wear would be determined based upon what is accepted in their culture as appropriate wear for the occasion. 3. Read the Article â€Å" Body Ritual Among the Nacirema† and discuss what is going on. Consumer Behavior 2. What is the basic difference between a fad, a fashion, a classic, and a trend? Provide example of each. A fashion refers to a style that is accepted by a large group of people at a given time such as skinny jeans. Some styles become classics, which are styles that become acceptable and in good taste anytime and place such as the classic black dress. A fad is a short lived fashion that suddenly becomes popular and quickly disappears; generally it only affects a specific group of the population such as low rise jeans wore by juniors. A trend is a general direction or movement as a style begins to be accepted such as the revival of high-waist jeans made from a light denim which also were worn in the 60-70s. 11. State some differences between the positivist and interpretivist approaches to consumer research. For each type of inquiry give examples of product dimensions what would be more usefully explored using that type of research over the other. Positivist assume the nature of reality is objective, tangible, and single, while the interprevisit believe that nature of reality is socially constructed and multiple, this should be used with products that are socially minded and include interactions based on technology such as social networking. Positivist have a goal of prediction which is good when trying to create trend reports and in the process of product development, while interpretivist goal is of understanding, this would be most useful when analyzing behavior toward products already on the market. . What is the difference between an enacted norm and a crescive norm? Identify the set of crescive norms operating when a man and a woman in your culture go out for dinner on a first date. What would they wear? An enacted norm are explicitly decided upon while crescive norms are embedded in a culture and are only discovered through interaction with other members’ of the culture. When a young man and woman go out on a first date, if they are both from the same culture then they are following crescive norms, because they are both following the norms which are accepted within their given culture. If they are both from completely different cultures, then they would be operating on enacted norms. What they would wear would be determined based upon what is accepted in their culture as appropriate wear for the occasion. 3. Read the Article â€Å" Body Ritual Among the Nacirema† and discuss what is going on. Consumer Behavior 2. What is the basic difference between a fad, a fashion, a classic, and a trend? Provide example of each. A fashion refers to a style that is accepted by a large group of people at a given time such as skinny jeans. Some styles become classics, which are styles that become acceptable and in good taste anytime and place such as the classic black dress. A fad is a short lived fashion that suddenly becomes popular and quickly disappears; generally it only affects a specific group of the population such as low rise jeans wore by juniors. A trend is a general direction or movement as a style begins to be accepted such as the revival of high-waist jeans made from a light denim which also were worn in the 60-70s. 11. State some differences between the positivist and interpretivist approaches to consumer research. For each type of inquiry give examples of product dimensions what would be more usefully explored using that type of research over the other. Positivist assume the nature of reality is objective, tangible, and single, while the interprevisit believe that nature of reality is socially constructed and multiple, this should be used with products that are socially minded and include interactions based on technology such as social networking. Positivist have a goal of prediction which is good when trying to create trend reports and in the process of product development, while interpretivist goal is of understanding, this would be most useful when analyzing behavior toward products already on the market. . What is the difference between an enacted norm and a crescive norm? Identify the set of crescive norms operating when a man and a woman in your culture go out for dinner on a first date. What would they wear? An enacted norm are explicitly decided upon while crescive norms are embedded in a culture and are only discovered through interaction with other members’ of the culture. When a young man and woman go out on a first date, if they are both from the same culture then they are following crescive norms, because they are both following the norms which are accepted within their given culture. If they are both from completely different cultures, then they would be operating on enacted norms. What they would wear would be determined based upon what is accepted in their culture as appropriate wear for the occasion. 3. Read the Article â€Å" Body Ritual Among the Nacirema† and discuss what is going on.